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Để giúp các bạn ôn luyện về mệnh đề quan hệ, IELTS LangGo đã tóm tắt lý thuyết trọng tâm và tổng hợp các dạng bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ thường gặp nhất kèm đáp án.
Các bạn hãy thực hành ngay để củng cố và nắm chắc kiến thức về nhé.
Việc nắm vững kiến thức sẽ giúp bạn làm các bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng Anh một cách nhanh chóng và chính xác hơn. Chúng ta cùng hệ thống lại những kiến thức trọng tâm về mệnh đề quan hệ nhé.
Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relatives clauses) là một loại mệnh đề phụ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ và các cụm danh từ trong câu. Mệnh đề quan hệ thường được bắt đầu bằng một đại từ hoặc trạng từ quan hệ bao gồm: who, whom, which, that, whose, when, where, why.
Mệnh đề quan hệ được chia thành 2 loại chính:
Ví dụ: The man who is standing there is my best friend. (Người đàn ông đang đứng ở đó là bạn thân nhất của tôi)
Ví dụ: Mr. Jonathan, who is standing next to my brother, is a successful businessman. (Ông Jonathan, người đang đứng cạnh anh trai tôi, là một doanh nhân thành đạt.)
Để làm các bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ, các bạn cần nắm được các đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ cũng như cách sử dụng từng từ.
Đại từ quan hệ
| Đại từ quan hệ | Cách sử dụng | Cấu trúc | Ví dụ |
| Who | Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong câu | N (chỉ người) + WHO + V + O | I told you about the man who is a doctor. |
| Whom | Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người làm tân ngữ trong câu | N (chỉ người) + WHOM + S + V | Do you know the boy whom my dad is talking about? |
| Which | Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật và làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong câu | N (chỉ vật) + WHICH + V + O / N (chỉ vật) + WHICH + S + V | I love this place in Vietnam which has a lot of delicious street food. |
| That | Thay thế cả danh từ chỉ người và danh từ chỉ vật để làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong câu | N (chỉ người hoặc vật) + WHICH + V + O | Nam talked about the people and places that he had visited last week with his friend. |
| Whose | Được dùng chỉ sự sở hữu cho cả danh từ chỉ người và vật | N (Người hoặc vật) + WHOSE + N + V | Mr. Thomas, whose son has received a scholarship in Harvard, is a CEO. |
Trạng từ quan hệ
| Trạng từ quan hệ | Cách sử dụng | Cấu trúc | Ví dụ |
| When
| Thay thế các từ chỉ thời gian. | N (thời gian) + WHEN + S + V… (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) | Tell her the time when (= at which) I have freetime. |
| Where | Thay cho từ chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn. | N (địa chỉ) + WHERE + S + V… (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) | She and her mom came back to the place where they had been in 1956. |
| Why | Dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ nguyên nhân, thay thế the reason, for that reason. | N (lý do) + WHY + S + V | That is the reason why (= for which) my son doesn't like beef. |
Để tránh những sai sót gây mất điểm trong các bài tập về mệnh đề quan hệ, các bạn cần lưu ý một số điểm sau:
Cách dùng That trong mệnh đề quan hệ:
Các trường hợp có thể dùng “That”
Các trường hợp không thể dùng “That”:
Cách dùng dấu phẩy trong mệnh đề quan hệ
Giới từ có thể được đặt trước hoặc sau của mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)
Một vài lưu ý khác
Trong phần này, IELTS LangGo đã chia các bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ thành 2 cấp độ cơ bản và nâng cao để bạn luyện tập các bài tập từ dễ đến khó.
Bài 1: Chọn đại từ/trạng từ quan hệ trong ngoặc thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống
1. The student ____________ study for hours received the highest grade. (which/who)
2. The house ____________locate on the hill has a breathtaking view. (which/who)
3. The job ____________ requires a lot of creativity attracts many applicants. (which/who)
4. The project ____________ were presented in the meeting impressed the committee. (which/who)
5. The person ____________ I meet at the conference is a renowned scientist. (which/who)
6. The movie ____________ she watched last night was a thrilling adventure. (which/who)
7. The team ____________ won the championship celebrated with joy. (which/who)
8. The book ____________ I read during the vacation was a fascinating novel. (which/who)
9. The village ____________ I spent my childhood is very beautiful. (which/where)
10. The restaurant ____________ serves authentic Italian cuisine is my favorite. (which/where)
Bài 2: Bài tập trắc nghiệm mệnh đề quan hệ
1. The student aced the exam, ______ surprised everyone.
A. that
B. who
C. which
2. The house stood on the hill ______ offered a breathtaking view of the valley.
A. where
B. which
C. who
3. The scientist discovered a new species of plant ______ had never been seen before.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
4. The car ______ was parked in front of the building belongs to my colleague.
A. whose
B. who
C. which
5. The girl ______ is wearing a red hat is my best friend.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
6. The movie ______ I watched last night was amazing.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
7. The scientist ______ research has led to significant breakthroughs will receive an award.
A. who
B. whose
C. which
8. The computer ______ was very expensive is now outdated.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
9. The boy ______ won the first prize was overjoyed.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
10. The building ______ roof was damaged in the storm needs repairs.
A. whose
B. that
C. which
11. The woman ______ is talking to the manager is my aunt.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
12. The shoes ______ I bought yesterday are too tight.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
13. The restaurant ______ serves delicious pasta is always crowded.
A. who
B. which
C. where
14. The dog ______ was adopted from the shelter is very friendly.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
15. The mountain ______ peak is covered in snow is a popular destination for hikers.
A. whose
B. that
C. which
16. The project ______ I have been working on for months is finally complete.
A. where
B. which
C. who
17. The girl ______ bag was stolen reported the incident to the police.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
18. The company ______ produces eco-friendly products is gaining popularity.
A. who
B. where
C. which
19. The tree ______ branches provide shade stands in the center of the park.
A. that
B. whose
C. which
20. The doctor ______ treated my illness was very knowledgeable.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
ĐÁP ÁN:
Bài 1:
1. who
2. which
3. which
4. which
5. who
6. which
7. which
8. which
9. where
10. which
Bài 2:
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. C
16. B
17. B
18. C
19. C
20. A
Bài 1: Bài tập viết lại câu mệnh đề quan hệ
1. The students performed exceptionally well in the competition. They were from Mrs. Anderson's class.
2. Those delicious pastries are from the local bakery. They have won several awards.
3. The house is magnificent. It was built in the 19th century.
4. The athlete won a gold medal. She competed in the Summer Olympics.
5. The project is impressive. Its completion was ahead of schedule.
6. The mountain offers breathtaking views. We visited it last summer.
7. The company has a new CEO. He has extensive experience in technology.
8. The museum displays ancient artifacts. They were discovered in Egypt.
9. The movie has an intriguing plot. I watched it last night.
10. The novel has an interesting protagonist. The author is my favorite.
11. The beach is crowded. It is a popular tourist destination in the summer.
12. The restaurant serves delicious cuisine. It is located in the heart of the city.
13. The meeting is scheduled for Friday. It was postponed from last week.
14. The university has a beautiful campus. It was founded in the 19th century.
15. The event was memorable. It took place on my birthday.
16. The garden has vibrant flowers. I spent hours there last weekend.
17. The musician composed a beautiful symphony. It was performed at the concert.
18. The car is reliable. Its owner is my neighbor.
19. The team achieved success. They worked hard throughout the season.
20. The novel is captivating. It was written by an acclaimed author.
21. The park has a serene atmosphere. I often go there for relaxation.
22. The company released a new product. It gained widespread popularity.
Bài 2: Hãy tìm đại từ/trạng từ quan hệ thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống
I recently visited a small coastal town 1. __________ the charm of the seaside and the warmth of the locals created a truly memorable experience. I stayed at a cozy bed and breakfast 2. ________ overlooked the azure waters of the ocean. The owner, 3. ________ I met on my arrival, was a friendly woman with a wealth of knowledge about the town's history. The restaurants in the area, 4. _________fresh seafood was a specialty, offered delightful culinary delights. During my stay, I explored the beaches 5. __________ stretched for miles, each with its own unique beauty. I also visited a local market 6._________ artisans showcased their handmade crafts. Overall, it was a trip 7.__________ exceeded my expectations, and I look forward to returning to this picturesque town in the future.
Bài 3: Rút gọn các mệnh đề quan hệ sau
1. The girl who is studying in the center library is my friend.
2. The book that was borrowed from my teacher is interesting.
3. The car that is parked outside needs repairs.
4. The K-Drama that I watched last night was amazing.
5. The person who I met at the airport is a famous actor.
6. The laptop which is on the table belongs to me.
7. The friend who I invited to the party is my coworker.
8. The keys which I left on the counter were found.
9. The scientist who discovered the new species of plant is giving a lecture.
10. The woman who is wearing a blue dress is the manager of the company.
11. The car that is parked in front of the building is blocking the entrance.
12. The student who scored the highest marks in the class is receiving an award.
ĐÁP ÁN:
Bài 1: Viết lại câu với mệnh đề quan hệ
1. The students who performed exceptionally well in the competition were from Mrs. Anderson's class.
2. The delicious pastries from the local bakery that has won several awards.
3. The house which was built in the 19th century is magnificent.
4. The athlete who competed in the Summer Olympics won a gold medal.
5. The project whose completion was ahead of schedule is impressive.
6. The mountain where we visited last summer offers breathtaking views.
7. The company whose new CEO has extensive experience in technology is thriving.
8. The museum displays ancient artifacts which were discovered in Egypt.
9. The movie that I watched last night has an intriguing plot.
10. The novel whose author is my favorite has an interesting protagonist.
11. The beach which is a popular tourist destination in the summer is crowded.
12. The restaurant which is located in the heart of the city serves delicious cuisine.
13. The meeting which was postponed from last week is scheduled for Friday.
14. The university which was founded in the 19th century has a beautiful campus.
15. The event that took place on my birthday was memorable.
16. The garden where I spent hours last weekend has vibrant flowers.
17. The musician who composed a beautiful symphony had it performed at the concert.
18. The car whose owner is my neighbor is reliable.
19. The team that worked hard throughout the season achieved success.
20. The novel which was written by an acclaimed author is captivating.
21. The park where I often go for relaxation has a serene atmosphere.
22. The company released a new product which gained widespread popularity.
Bài 2:
1. where
2. which
3. whom
4. where
5. that
6. where
7. that
Bài 3:
1. The girl studying in the center library is my friend.
2. The book borrowed from my teacher is interesting.
3. The car parked outside needs repairs.
4. The K-Drama I watched last night was amazing.
5. The person I met at the airport is a famous actor.
6. The laptop on the table belongs to me.
7. The friend I invited to the party is my coworker.
8. The keys I left on the counter were found.
9. The scientist discovering the new species of plant is giving a lecture.
10. The woman wearing a blue dress is the manager of the company.
11. The car parked in front of the building is blocking the entrance.
12. The student scoring the highest marks in the class is receiving an award.
IELTS LangGo hy vọng qua series các bài tập trên đây bạn đã nắm chắc kiến thức và cách làm bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ.
Các bài tập về mệnh đề quan hệ trên đây đều có đáp án, tuy nhiên, các bạn hãy tự làm thật nghiêm túc trước khi check đáp án nhé.
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